Supremacy Doctrine: Bind Successors

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• Traditional / Dicey: Parliament cannot bind successors / can make or unmake any law

Implied repeal:

• For implied repeal there must be clear inconsistency / later Act supersedes a previous one (Ellen Street Estates Ltd v Minister of Health)

Thoburn v Sunderland City Council:

• Laws LJ: ordinary and constitutional statutes / constitutional immune to implied repeal / based on common law / such significance intent of Parliament necessary to repeal
• Constitutional test: if changes the legal relationship between citizen & State / fundamental constitutional rights / eg. European Communities Act 1972

Manner and Form:

• Content: continuing supremacy (Ellen Street Estates Ltd v Minister of Health)

Trethowan case:

• Australian case / provides persuasive precedent UK / may be distinguished /seems Parliament can bind successors to manner & form of future enactments

Theoretical:

• Heuston: sovereignty naturally subject to rules / Parliament can bind manner & form
• Hart: sovereignty is historical & political fact / cannot be changed by legislation alone
• TRS Allen: sovereignty naturally subject to fundamental values / Parliament should be able to entrench these laws

bits of law